RUBY V/S SCALA
INTRODUCTION:
RUBY:
Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto in Japan.
Ruby is dynamically typed and uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Ruby is a pure object-oriented programming language. It was created in 1993 by Yukihiro Matsumoto of Japan.
Ruby has features that are similar to those of Smalltalk, Perl, and Python. Perl, Python, and Smalltalk are scripting languages. Smalltalk is a true object-oriented language. Ruby, like Smalltalk, is a perfect object-oriented language. Using Ruby syntax is much easier than using Smalltalk syntax.
FEATURES OF RUBY:
•Ruby is an open-source and is freely available on the Web, but it is subject to a license.
•Ruby is a general-purpose, interpreted programming language.
•Ruby is a true object-oriented programming language.
•Ruby is a server-side scripting language similar to Python and PERL.
•Ruby can be used to write Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts.
•Ruby can be embedded into Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
•Ruby has a clean and easy syntax that allows a new developer to learn very quickly and easily.
•Ruby has similar syntax to that of many programming languages such as C++ and Perl.
•Ruby is very much scalable and big programs written in Ruby are easily maintainable.
•Ruby can be used for developing Internet and intranet applications.
•Ruby can be installed in Windows and POSIX environments.
•Ruby support many GUI tools such as Tcl/Tk, GTK, and OpenGL.
•Ruby can easily be connected to DB2, MySQL, Oracle, and Sybase.
•Ruby has a rich set of built-in functions, which can be used directly into Ruby scripts.
SCALA:
Scala stands for Scalable Language. It is a multi-paradigm programming language. Scala language includes features of functional programming and object-oriented programming. It is a statically typed language. Its source code is compiled into bytecode and executed by Java virtual machine(JVM).
Scala is an object-oriented language. In Scala, every value is an object.
Scala uses Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to execute bytecode. Its code is compiled into bytecode and executed by Java Virtual Machine. So you need only JVM to start development with it. Scala can also use all java classes and allows us to create our custom class.
It is designed to grow with the demands of its user, from writing small scripts to building a massive system for data processing.
Scala is used in Data processing, distributed computing, and web development. It powers the data engineering infrastructure of many companies.
Scala language is mostly used by Software engineers and Data Engineers. You’ll see some of the data scientists using it with Apache Spark for processing huge data.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RUBY AND SCALA:
RUBY:
Ruby is a pure Object-Oriented language developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto (also known as Matz in the Ruby community) in the mid 1990’s in Japan. Everything in Ruby is an object except the blocks but there are replacements too for it i.e procs and lambda. The objective of Ruby’s development was to make it act as a sensible buffer between human programmers and the underlying computing machinery. Ruby has similar syntax to that of many programming languages like C and Java, so it is easy for Java and C programmers to learn. It supports mostly all the platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux.
Ruby is based on many other languages like Perl, Lisp, Smalltalk, Eiffel and Ada. It is an interpreted scripting language which means most of its implementations execute instructions directly and freely, without previously compiling a program into machine-language instructions. Ruby programmers also have access to the powerful RubyGems (RubyGems provides a standard format for Ruby programs and libraries).
ADVANTAGES OF RUBY:
•The code written in Ruby is small, elegant and powerful as it has fewer number of lines of code.
•Ruby allows simple and fast creation of Web application which results in less hard work.
•As Ruby is free of charge that is Ruby is free to copy, use, modify, it allow programmers to make necessary changes as and when required.
•Ruby is a dynamic programming language due to which there is no tough rules on how to built in features and it is very close to spoken languages.
DISADVANTAGES OF RUBY:
•Ruby is fairly new and has its own unique coding language which makes it difficult for the programmers to code in it right away but after some practice its easy to use. Many programmers prefer to stick to what they already know and can develop.
•The code written in Ruby is harder to debug, since most of the time it generates at runtime, so it becomes difficult to read while debugging.
•Ruby does not have a plenty of informational resources as compared to other programming languages.
•Ruby is an interpreted scripting language, the scripting languages are usually slower than compiled languages therefore, Ruby is slower than many other languages.
APPLICATIONS OF RUBY:
•Ruby is used to create web applications of different sorts. It is one of the hot technology at present to create web applications.
•Ruby offers a great feature called Ruby on Rails (RoR). It is a web framework that is used by programmers to speed up the development process and save time.
SCALA:
Scala is a string statically typed general-purpose programming language which supports both object-oriented programming and functional programming. Designed to be concise,many of Scala’s design decisions are aimed to address criticisms of Java.
Scala source code can be compiled to Java bytecode and run on a Java virtual machine (JVM). Scala provides language interoperability with Java so that libraries written in either language may be referenced directly in Scala or Java code.Like Java, Scala is object-oriented, and uses a syntax termed curly-brace which is similar to the language C. Since Scala 3, there is also an option to use the off-side rule (indenting) to structure blocks, and its use is advised. Martin Odersky has said that this turned out to be the most productive change introduced in Scala 3.
Unlike Java, Scala has many features of functional programming languages like Scheme, Standard ML, and Haskell, including currying, immutability, lazy evaluation, and pattern matching. It also has an advanced type system supporting algebraic data types, covariance and contravariance, higher-order types (but not higher-rank types), and anonymous types. Other features of Scala not present in Java include operator overloading, optional parameters, named parameters, and raw strings. Conversely, a feature of Java not in Scala is checked exceptions, which has proved controversial.
The name Scala is a portmanteau of scalable and language, signifying that it is designed to grow with the demands of its users.
ADVANTAGES OF SCALA:
If a programming language wants to challenge Java’s dominance, it should offer programmers some attractive features. To that end, Scala brings many positives to the table. Here’s a sample of its benefits:
•Scala has an exact syntax, eliminating boilerplate code. Programs written in Scala require less code than similar programs written in Java
•It is both an object-oriented language and a functional language. This combination makes Scala the right choice for web development
•You can use Scala to execute Java code
•Scala uses an expressive typing system that ensures statistical abstraction is secure and consistent
•It’s easy to learn, especially for programmers with an object-oriented background with Java or similar language
•Scala is highly scalable, useful for building fault-tolerant, highly concurrent systems
•It’s ideal for data analytics when supported by tools like Apache Spark
DISADVANTAGES OF SCALA:
•Since with Scala, you can always switch back to an object-oriented paradigm. So, it doesn’t force you to think functionally. You can think of this as a double-edged sword.
•Being a hybrid of functional and object-oriented can sometimes make type-information a bit harder to understand.
•Since it runs on the JVM, it has no true tail-recursive optimization. As a workaround, you can use the @tailrec annotation for partial benefits.
•Scala has a limited developer pool. But while it is easier to find Java developers in numbers, not every Java developer has what it takes to code efficiently in Scala.
CONCLUSION:
We have seen the differences between Ruby and Scala and the advantages, disadvantages and applications of Ruby and Scala.
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